初中英语重点句型、短语中考必背! 2热门20篇

中考英语知识点：形容词的常用句型

1.Its+形容词+of+sb.+动词不定式"某人（做某事）……",说明"人"的性质或特征。

常用形容词有：good,kind,nice,polite,clever,foolish,lazy,careful,careless,right,wrong等

Itsverykindofyoutohelpme.

Itsfoolishofyoutomakesuchmistake.

2.Its+形容词+for+sb.+动词不定式"做某事对某人来说……",说明动词不定式的性质、特征。

常用形容词有：difficult,easy,hard,dangerous,safe,useful,pleasant,interesting,impossible等

Itisimpossibleforachildtoanswerthequestion.小孩子不可能回答出这个问题。

Itisdangerousforyoutoswimalone.你自己一个人去游泳很危险。

3.主语+be动词+形容词+动词不定式这一句型常用表示感情、情绪，以及表示能力和意志的形容词，

如:glad,pleased,sorry,sad,thankful或ready,able,sure,certain等。

Imverysorrytohearthenews.

Imgladtoseeyou.

ComradeLeiFengisalwaysreadytohelpothers.

Tomissure/certaintocome.

中考英语知识点：定语从句重点

注意：先行词为one,ones,anyone或those时，定语从句中的关系代词用who

e.g.:Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.自助者天助之。

重点提醒:whom在定语从句中作介词的宾语，且介词提到whom前面时，不能用who代替：e.g.:ThepersontowhoyoujusttalkedisDeep.(错误)

应该为towhom

或者可以这样表达：Thepersonwho/whomyoujusttalkedtoisDeep.（正确）

在现代英语中，定语从句中作宾语的关系代词whom可以用who代替，但who不用于介词之后。在非限定性定语从句中，whom不可用who代替。

iv.Whose引导的定语从句

Whose可以指人也可以指物，在定语从句中作定语。

e.g.:DoyouknowthegirlwhoseJapaneseisexcellent?

I’dlikearoomwhosewindowlooksoutoverthesea.

重点提升：有时“whose+名词”可用“限定词+名词+ofwhich/whom”或者“ofwhich/whom+限定词+名词”来替代。

e.g.:Helivesinahousewhosewindowsfacesouth.

===Helivesinahousewhosewindowsfacesouth.

===Helivesinahousethewindowsofwhichfacesouth.

另：whose+名词引导定语从句时，名词前不能再接限定词，只有转换为“限定词+名词+ofwhich/whom”或“ofwhich/whom+限定词+名词”时，名词前面可以有限定词。

形容词的常用句型

1.Its+形容词+of+sb.+动词不定式

这一句型表示"某人(做某事)……"。常用形容词有：good,kind,nice,polite,clever,foolish,lazy,careful,careless,right,wrong等，来说明"人"的性质或特征。

Itsverykindofyoutohelpme.你能帮助我真是太好了。

Itsfoolishofyoutomakesuchmistake.你真傻啊，竟然犯这种错误。

2.Its+形容词+for+sb.+动词不定式

这一句型表示"做某事对某人来说……"。常用形容词有：difficult,easy,hard,dangerous,safe,useful,pleasant,interesting,impossible等，来说明动词不定式的性质、特征。

Itisimpossibleforachildtoanswerthequestion.小孩子不可能回答出这个问题。

Itsdangerousforyoutoswimalone.你自己一个人去游泳很危险。

3.主语+be动词+形容词+动词不定式

这一句型常用表示感情或情绪的形容词，如：glad,pleased,sorry,sad,thankful等以及表示能力和意志的形容词，如:ready,able,sure,certain等。

Imverysorrytohearthenews.听到这个消息我很难过。

Imgladtoseeyou.见到你我很高兴。

ComradeLeiFengisalwaysreadytohelpothers.雷锋同志总是乐于帮助别人。

Tomissure/certaintocome.汤姆一定会来。

一、动词(Verb)

一般现在时表示现在的状态

如:He is twelve.She is at home.

表示经常的或是习惯性的动作.

如:I go to school at 7:30 every day.

表示主语具备的的性格和能力等

如:She like apple.They know English.

(一)动词be(Verb to be)

肯定式I am......否定I am not....

肯定式You are...否定式You are not....

肯定式He/She/It is....否定式He/She/It is not....

疑问句和简略答语

Am I ....?

Yes,you are./No,I you are not.

Are you....?

Yes,I am./No,I am not.

(二)There be结构

"There is/are+某物/某人+某地/某时"这样一种句型,大致相当于汉语"某地/某时有某物/某人"的说法.句子的is/are和后面所跟的名词在数方面必须是一致.

肯定式:There is(Theres)a table in your room.

There are(Therere)some pencils on the desk.

否定式:There is not(There isnt)any cats here.

There are not(arent)any cats here.

疑问式和简略答语

Is there a ruler in your bag?

Yes,there is./No,there is not(isnt).

Are there any people in that house?

Yes,there are./No,there are not(arent).

How many kites are there in the sky?

There are thirteen.

二、句子的种类(Kinds of Sentences)

英语的句子按照用途可分为以下四类:

陈述句 用途是用来说明事实或说话人的看法 例句:I can see a map on the wall.

I think its his.

疑问句 用途是用来提出问题. 例句:Are you Mr Green?

Can you find it ? How old are you?

祈使句 用途是用来表示请求和命令. 例句: Sstand up.Come in,please.

Lets play games.

感叹句 用途是用来表达强烈的感情. 例句:What a fine day it is!

How beautiful the flowers are!

三、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句

一般疑问句子和特殊疑问句

一般疑问句(General Question)一般是指用Yes或No回答的疑问句。

例如：Is she at school today? Yes,she is/No,she isnt.

Can you see a pencile on the desk? Yes,I can./No,I cant.

Do you play football? Yes,they do./No,they dont.

特殊疑问句是以特殊疑问词开头的疑问句.

中考英语知识点：目标句型结构

目标句型：

1.IwassotiredthatIwenttosleepearly.IwassoscaredthatIcouldn’tmove.

so+形容词+that+句子：如此...以至于...

2.see/watch/hear/feelsbdosth.看到/听到/感到某人做了某事

see/watch/hear/feelsbdoingsth.看到/听到/感到某人正在做某事

3.It’s+形容词+nottodosth.不做某事是...的

4.感叹句句型：

How+形容词/副词+主语（名词）+谓语

Whata/an+形容词+单数名词+主语(人称代词)+谓语

What+形容词+名词复数/不可数名词+主语(人称代词)+谓语

中考英语知识点：形容词词义及短语辨析

形容词词义辨析主要在选择填空和完形填空中考查。主要以形容词的语境辨析为主，少量涉及易混形容词的用法辨析和形容词与enough、复合不定代词连用的位置关系。

1．形容词的语境辨析

语境辨析更注重形容词在具体语境中的运用，因此在做此类试题时，学生首先应读懂句意，抓住题干中的关键信息；然后，分析所给四个选项表达的含义，并结合日常生活的常识及语境，辨别选项之间的差异，从而选出正确答案。

2．易混形容词辨析

(1)词义相对类形容词

词义相对类形容词在英语中比较常见，如：much(许多的；大量的)→little(少量的)，easy(简单的；容易的)→difficult/hard(难的)，sad(伤心的)→happy(高兴的)，right(正确的)→wrong(错误的)等。

(2)v.-ing形容词和v.-ed形容词

注意：v.-ing表示主动意义，多指事物对人的影响，一般修饰物。v.-ed表示被动意义，多指人对事物的感受，主语一般是人。

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It引导的被动句

句型［It+被动式谓语+名词/形容词+实际主语（不定式、动名词）+其他］

1.Itwasconsideredashametocheatinexamination.2.Itwasfounddifficultforustounderstandhim.

3.Itwouldbeconsideredunwiseyourgoingtherewithoutaguide.

4.Itwasdeemedsheerwasteoftimearguingaboutit.5.Itwasprovedwrongtosaythingslikethat.

句型［It+被动式谓语+实际主语（that/疑问关联词）+从句］

1.Itisrequestedthatyoukindlytakeimmediateactioninthematter.

2.Itwasarrangedthatalltheboysshouldgobybikeandallthegirlsonfoot.

3.Ithasnotbeenfoundoutwhosettherecord.

4.Ithasntbeenmadeclearwhenthenewroadisopentotraffic.

5.Hasitbeendecidedwherewearetoholdtheconference?

保留宾语的被动句

句型［主语+被动式谓语+保留宾语+（by+施动者）］

这类保留宾语的被动句中常用动词有：allow,afford,bring,deny,ensure,give,hand,lend,offer,owe,pass,pay,return,tell,show,teach等。

1.TheRosembergsweredeniedafairandopentrial.2.Mr.Smithwasgivenaprize.

3.Thepositionwasoffered(to)Mr.Black.4.Hewasshownthedifference.

5.WearebroughtfreedomandhappinessbytheParty.

句型［主语+被动式谓语+介词+保留宾语+（by+施动者）］

带介词保留宾语的被动句中常用动词有：clear…of,cure…of,strip…of,add…to,devote…to,dedicated…to,base…on,compare…with,free…from等。

1.Wearewhollydedicatedtotheeducationalcause.2.Thenewswastoldtoeveryone.

3.Alltheroadswereclearedofsnow.4.Educationmustbecombinedwithproductionlabor.

5.Thematterwasthenreportedtohimbytelephone.6.Theorderwaspassedtohimbyhisson.

4.带主语补足语的被动句

句型［主语+被动式谓语+介词+主语补足语+不定式/现在分词+（其他）］

适用本句型常见的谓语动词：接不定式的：advise,allow,ask,compel,command,help,wish,warn,等。

接现在分词的：feel,hear,listento,notice,see,lookat,watch,find,imagine,leave（听任）等。

1.Iwaswarnednottobelate.2.Becauseofhiscomplainthewasnotpermittedtoplaycricket.

3.Iamsupposedtoknowsomethingaboutscience.4.Theyneedntbekeptwaiting.

5.Childrenshouldbetaughttospeakthetruth.6.Theenginehadbetterbestartedrunning.

句型［主语+被动式谓语+介词+主语补足语+名词/形容词/介词词组+（其他）］

适用本句型常见的谓语动词：接名词的：name,call,choose,elect,appoint,make,find,leave（保留）等。

接形容词的：bake,beat,boil,burn,cut,keep,make,paint,wash,wipe等。

1.ThislittleboywascalledJohn.2.Hewasappointedheadoftheteam.

3.NewtonwasmadePresidentoftheRoyalSociety.4.Hewasbeatblackandblue

5.Ilosemykey.Thetrunkhadtobebrokenopen.6.Thepatientwaspronouncedoutofdanger.

一般疑问句

句型［特殊定式动词+主语+（not）谓语+其他］

1."Areyougoingwithus?"-"Yes,Im."

2."Haveyouhadanynewsofyourhorsethismorning?"-"Yes,hesfitasafiddle."

3."Doyoulikeyourhouse?"-"Oh,fearfully.Wontyoucomeandseeit?"

4.Canyounot(=cantyou)walkalittlefaster?

5.Oughtwenot(=Oughtntwe)togivehimachancetotry?

句型94［Do(does,did)+主语+（not）谓语+其他］

1.DoyouhappentoknowMr.Coopersaddress?2.Didyouhaveagoodtime?

3."DoesthisbustakemetoOxfordCircus?"-"Yes,geton,please."

[注]要注意对否定句的回答与汉语习惯不同，如：1.Didntyouspeaktohimyesterday?No,Ididnt.Yes,Idid.

2.ArentyouoftheHannationality?Yes,Iam.No,Iamnot.

反义疑问句

句型［陈述句（肯定），+特殊定式动词（否定）+主语］

1."YoustudyEnglish,dontyou?"-"Yes,wedo."

2."Theyhavedecidednottogo,haventthey?""Yes,theyhave."

3.Youlikeit,dontyou?4.Hesready,isnthe?

句型［陈述句（否定），+特殊定式动词（肯定）+主语］

1."Youwontbeawayforlong,willyou?"-"No,Illbebackinanhourorso."

2."…IthinkIllgointothegreenline.Youcouldntgivemeahelpinghand,couldyou,Mr.Snape?"

3."IdliketogotoCentralAustraliawithyou….youhaveneverbeenoutofEngland,haveyou?"

4."Hedoesntknowanythingaboutit,doeshe?"-"No,hedoesnt.

特指疑问句

句型［疑问词（主语）+系词+表语］/［疑问词（定语）+主语+行为动词+宾语］

1.Whoisthere?2.WhogivesyourEnglishlessons?3.Whatisinthebox?4.Whichismine?

5.Whosebookisonthedesk?6.Howmanystudentsworkintheworkshop?

7.Whatnewproductshavebeenturnedoutinthatfactory?

句型疑问词(表语/宾语/状语)+特殊定式动词+主语+行为动词…］

1.Whoishe?2.Whatishe?3.Whatishelike?4.Whatisitlike?5.Whatkindofmanishe?

6.Whatdayistoday?7.Whatsthedatetoday?8.Whattimeisitnow?9.Howdoyoudo?

10.Howareyougettingalong?(=howgoesitwithyou?=howislife?=howiseverythingwithyou?

11.Howisyourhealth?12.Howdoyoufeel?13.Whatsmatterwithyou?

14.Whereareyougoing?15.Wheredoyoucomefrom?16.Whereareyoufrom?

17.Whatsyournationality,please?18.Whatfamilyareyoufrom?

句型［疑问词+intheworld/onearth/thedevil/thedeuce/ever等强调词语+其他］

1."WhatthedeuceshallIwriteabout?"-Hethought.2.Whatintheworlddoyoumean?

3.Whoonearth(intheworld)toldyouthat?4.Whothedevilishe?

5.Whatthedeuceisthematter?6.Whatthedickensisit?7.Whoeverwantsthis?

选择疑问句

句型［一般疑问句+or+一般疑问句］

1.Shallwecometoseeyouorwillyoucometoseeus?

2.AreyoufromtheSouthorfromtheNorth?3.WillhegoonMondayoronTuesday?

4.Didyouspeaktothem,ordidthemanager?5.Wheresthebank?ShouldIgothiswayorthatway?

句型［特指疑问句，+AorB?］

1."Whatwouldyoulike,ChineseorEuropeanfood?"-"Idontmindonewayortheother."

2.Whichwouldyouratherhave-steakorfish?3.Whowillbeyourteacher,Mr.BrownorMr.Cooper?

4.Wheredidyouspendyourleave:inShanghaiorinHangzhou?

5.Whenwillhegothere,tomorroworsomeotherday?

间接疑问句

句型［适当的主语+疑问关联词+从句(正常语序)］

1.Idliketoknowhowoldyouare.2.Heinquiredhowitwasdone.

3."GuesshowoldIam."-"Idsayyoureabouttwenty-three."4.Iaskyouwhatyouwant.

5.PleaseadvisemewhichbookIshouldreadfirst.6.Tellmewhyitissoimportant.

句型［适当的主语+if/whether+从句(正常语序)］

1.Isometimesaskmyselfthequestionwhetheritwasworththeeffort.

2.Iaskyouwhetheritistrueornot.3.SheaskedifIhadslept.4.Tellmewhetheryoulikeit.

5.Hevisitedusnextdayandaskedifwehadgothomesafe.6.Sheinquiredifhelikedthepost.

双重疑问句

句型一般疑问句+疑问关联词+从句(正常语序)］

1.Canyoutellmewherehehasgone?2.Haveyouanyideawherehelives?

3.MayIaskyouthenwhatyouwouldadvisemetodo?4.Doyouknowwholiveshere?

5.Doyouknowwhenhewasborn?

句型［疑问词+doyouthink/didyousay/canyouguess/doyousuppose+其他（正常语序)］

1.Whatwillbetheresult,doyouthink?

2."Howoldwereyouthen,Clyde,didyousay?""Betweenseventeenandeighteen."

3.Whendoyouthinkthemeetingwillbeheld?

4.Howmanybooks,canyouguess,didhebuytheotherday?

5.Whatdoyousupposeheshangingaroundhere?

修辞疑问句

句型［陈述句（肯定）+反问句（肯定）］

1.Wereoldfriends,notstrangers,right?2.Soyouvebeenabroad,haveyou?

3.Shesasweetlittlegirl,isshe?

4.Thelandreformhasjustreachedthestageofdecidingeveryonesclassstatus,soyoucomesuckingaround,doyou?

句型［疑问词+should+主语+动词原形+其他］

1.WhoshouldIseebutmyownbrother?2.Whoshouldtherebe?

3.Whyshouldthedoorbelocked?4.Who/WhomshouldIseeinthecourtyardbutMr.Smith?

5. "WhereisJane?"-"HowshouldIknow?"6.Whyshouldhebeangrywithme?

句型［Oh,/So+陈述句+反问句］

1.Oh,hesherenow,ishe?2.Oh,youtoldhimallaboutit,didyou?

3.Soyouvetheluggagetakentothestation,haveyou?

4.Soyouregoingabroad,areyou?

回响疑问句

句型［A:陈述句+B:疑问句（重复A句中的部分）］

1.A:Ididntlikethatmeal.B:Youdidntlikeit?（怀疑）

2."Imtired."-"Areyou?"（怀疑）3.A:TheBrownsareemigrating.B:Emigrating?（惊讶）

4.A:Itcostsixtydollars.B:Howmuchdiditcost?（惊讶）

5.A:Switchthelightoff,please.Ｂ:Switchthelightoff,yousay?/Switchwhatoff?（反对）

句型［A:疑问句+B:重述性疑问句］

1.A:Whatdoyouthinkofthepicture?B:WhatdoIthinkofit?（怀疑）

2.A:Howdidyouenjoythecarnival?B:HowdidIenjoywhat?（要求）

3.A:Howdidyouenjoyyourholidays?B:HowdidIenjoymyholidays?（考虑回答）

4.A:Haveyouborrowedmypen?B:(HaveI)Borrowedyourpen?（反驳）

陈述式疑问句

句型［任何陈述形式的疑问句（词序不变）］

1.Myfriendshere?2.Youwouldntseemeleftherealone?

3."Youfollowedus,then?"-"Whatsthattoyou?..."saidJones,"Gotothedevil!"

4.Atwomilliondollarbuilding,youcanttouchthewalls?

5."Youarenotill?"wasthequestionput,"Alittlesick,"repliedMissKeldar.

句型［…疑问词（在剧中任何位置上）］

1."Youusethatpositionasafavoritetoinsultagentleman."-"Toinsultawhat?"saidSteerforth.

2.Fivetimeswhatnumbermakestwenty?

3.Iaskedthecarrier,"Arewegoingallthewaythere?"-"Allthewaywhere?"askedthecarrier

4.Youretwenty-what(odd)thisyear?5.Hesyourwho?6.Yourwhoisasteel-worker?

7.Howoldachildcoulddrawthis?8.Heisyoursonofwhatnumber?

中考英语知识点：it句型-代指做一件事

1.It’snicetomeetyou.

很高兴见到你（刚见面）。

It指tomeetyou这件事。to的意义在于状态：“刚

发生”，作用是转化含五动全形meet的部分为名词词组tomeetyou。

因为it在句子中做主体，没有实际意义，所以it’s可以省略，变成Nicetomeetyou,尤其在口语中，it作为主体可以省略或不说出来。

2.It’snicemeetingyou.（it’s可省略）

认识或见过你了，很高兴。（已见过面，说再见了）

It指meetingyou这件事。meet的ing形表达状态“已经发生了（持续或正在进行状态的事一定已经发生）”，作用为转化含五动全形meet的部分为名词词组meetingyou。其余解释同句1。

3.Itusuallytakesmehalfanhourtogettoschoolfromhomeonfoot.（口语中常省略it）

我从家里步行到学校通常需要半小时。

句3中的it完全因为两个句子结构原因：（1）句子需要一个短主体；

（2）由实际主体表达的togettoschoolfromhomeonfoot这件事太长，故选择it代指这件事。以下句4～句8用it是相同的原因。

4.Itseemstobeaquestionwhetherhe’llcomeornot.

他来还是不来，似乎是未知数。

It代指whetherhe’llcomeornot（这个句子已变名词词组）这件事。

5.It’sapitythatyoumissedtheexcitingfootballmatch.

可惜你错过了这场精彩的足球赛。

it代指(that)youmissedtheexcitingfootballmatch这件事，that转化后面的句子为名词词组，无实际意义，可省略。

6.Itisnotdecidedwhowillbetheleaderoftheclass.

谁来当班长还未决定。

It代指whowillbetheleaderoftheclass（这个句子已变为名词词组）这件事。

7.Itisdifficultforhimtodothemath.

这道数学题难住他了。

It代指forhimtodothemath（这个句子已经转化成了名词词组）这件事。for引出dothemath的主体you，to转化含五动全形do的部分为todothemath的非五动全形名词词组。

8.ItiskindofyoutohelpmewithmyEnglish.

It代指ofyoutohelpmewithmyEnglish（这个句子已经转化成了名词词组）这件事。

of引出helpmewithmyEnglish的主体you，to转化含五动全形help的部分为tohelpmewithmyEnglish的非五动全形名词词组。

用of而不用for，因为kind属于人（you）的属性特征，of表“you拥有kind的属性特征”。

换言之（比较例句7和例句8），可以说youarekind，而不能说heisdifficult.

9.Theyfeelitdifficulttodothemath.

他们觉得难解这道数学题。

10.Ifinditdifficultforhimtodothemath.

我感觉他难解这道数学题。

11.Wethinkitaquestionwhetherhe’llcomeornot.

我们认为他来还是不来还是未知数。

12.Theteacherremainsitundecidedwhowillbetheleaderoftheclass.

老师仍然未决定谁来当班长。

13.ItookitforgrantedthatyouwouldhelpmewithmyEnglish.

我曾想当然地以为你会帮我学习英语。

14.Hefounditnousearguingwithhismotheraboutdoinghishomeworkontime.

他发觉跟他妈妈争论准时完成家庭作业的问题没有用。

15.I’dmuchappreciateitifyoucouldhelpmewithmyEnglish.

如果你帮我学习英语，我会非常感激。

以上句9～句15，it指代部分都用斜体表示。与句1～句8的区别在于：句9～句15中的it做受体，结构作用不同而已。其它解释一样。

中考英语知识点：重点动词词组整理Uint1

1）Beonvacation在度假

2）Gotosummercamp去夏令营

3）Studyfortest为考试学习

4）Takequiteafewphoto照相当多的照片

5）Inthecountryside在乡下

6）Feedsomehens喂鸡

7）Therewasnothingmuchtodointheeveningbutread.

8）Keepadiary记日记

9）Seem+adj/seemtodo/Itseemsthat.....

10）Arrivein/at

11）Decidetodo

12）Trytodo/trydoing努力做某事、尝试做某事

13）Startdoing

14）Makeadifferencetodifference-different

15）Rainalittle/rainhard雨下得小/雨下得大

16）Enjoy+doing喜欢做某事

17）Feellike+doing喜欢做某事

18）Becauseof/because

19）Onebowlof

20）Forgettodosth忘记做某事

句型

1)howdidyoufeelaboutthetrip=whatdidyouthinkofthetrip.

2)howwastheweather=whatwastheweatherlike

3）Iwonderwhatlifewaslikeinthepast.

表伴随时，既可用分词的独立结构，也可用with的复合结构。

with+名词(代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语

举例:Hestoodthere,hishandraised.

=Hestoodthere,withhishandraise.

典型例题

Themurderwasbroughtin,withhishands___behindhisback。

A.beingtied B.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied

答案D.with+名词（代词）+分词+介词短语结构。当分词表示伴随状况时，其主语常常用with来引导。由于本句中名词"手"与分词"绑"是被动关系，因此用过去分词，选D.

注意:

1)独立主格结构使用介词的问题：

当介词是in时，其前后的两个名词均不加任何成分（如物主代词或冠词），也不用复数。但with的复合结构不受此限制

Arobberburstintotheroom,knifeinhand.

(hand前不能加his)。

2)当表人体部位的词做逻辑主语时，及物动词用现在分词，不及物动词用过去分词。

Helaythere,histeethset,hishandclenched,hiseyeslookingstraightup.

典型例题：

Weather___,wellgooutforawalk.

Apermitted Bpermitting Cpermits Dforpermitting

答案B.本题中没有连词，它不是复合句，也不是并列句。句中使用了逗号，且we小写，可知其不是两个简单句。能够这样使用的只有独立主格或with的复合结构。据此判断，本句中使用的是独立结构，其结构为：名词+分词。由于permit在这里翻译为天气允许，表主动，应用现在分词，故选B。

如果不会判断独立结构作状语的形式，不妨将句子改为条件句，例如本句改为Ifweatherpermits,wellgooutforawalk.然后将if去掉，再将谓语动词改为非谓语动词即可。

1.Therebe结构

a.这是英语中常见的一种结构，表示“某地有某物”其含义为“存在有”。

eg.Therearetwentygirlsinourclass.have也解释为“有”但是与therebe有区别，它的含义是“所有，属有”，其主语为某人。eg.Ihaveanicewatch.

b.Therebe结构中的be动词要和后面所跟名词保持一致。

c.Thereisarivernearourschool.

否：Thereisnotarivernearourschool.

问：Istherearivernearourschool.

回答：Yes,thereis.No,thereisn’t.

划⑴Howmanyriversaretherenearourschool?

⑵What’snearourschool?

d.therebe结构的一般将来时，同学们较难掌握，其正确形式为：thereisgoingtobe

e.反意疑问句的构成：Thereisnowaterintheglass,isthere?

①Thereisgoingto_____afootballmatchthisafternoon.

A.haveB.watchC.beD.play

②Theyweresurethattheyweregoingto____arest.

A.beB.haveC.beonD.on

2.so,neither引导的倒装句,为了避免和前一句话的内容重复，英语中习惯用so,neither引导的倒装句。

a.So+be(助动词，情态动词)+主语。表示某人也是如此。

eg.Mikehasboughtsomeforeignstamps.

SohasBob.=Bobhasboughtsome,too.

b.Neither+be(助动词，情态动词)＋主语，表示某人也不。

eg.MotherhasneverbeentoJapan.

NeitherhasFather.=FatherhasneverbeentoJapan,either.

c.So＋主语＋be(助动词，情态动词)。表示果真如此(赞同),请同学们与a.区别。

eg.A:Mikeisrightintheclassroom.

B:Soheis.=Heisreallyintheclassroom.

3.It’s+时间+since动词过去式。自从...起已有...时间了。

⑴It’stwoweekssincewemetlast.(自从我们上次见面已有两个星期了)

⑵HowlongisitsinceweleftBeijing?(自从我们离开北京已有多久了

4.祈使句+and(那么)...

eg.Gostraightonandyou’llseeaschool.=Ifyougostraighton,you’llseeaschool.

5.祈使句+or...否则...

eg.Workhard,oryouwillfallbehindtheotherstudents.

=Ifyoudon’tworkhard,you’llfallbehindtheother.

6.The+比较级...，the+比较级...越...越...

eg.⑴Themore,thebetter.越多越好。

⑵Theharderyouworkonit,thebetteryou’llbeatit.(你越用功，你就越好。)

7.Howdoyoulikethefilm?=Whatdoyouthinkofthefilm?(你认为这部电影怎样？)

8.What...dowith...?怎样对付...?怎样处理...?

虽然中文为怎样，我们绝不可照字面翻译为how.

eg.A:Whathaveyoudonewiththelibrarybook?

B:I’vejustreturnedittothelibrary.

9.Idon’tknowwhattodo.我不知道该怎么办？

Idon’tknowhowtodo.×10.What...belike?...是什么样的？

eg.⑴What’stheweatherlike?天气如何？

⑵What’syourschoollike?你们学校是什么样的？

11.What...for?为何目的？为什么？

eg.Whatdoyouwantasciencelabfor?=Whydoyouwantasciencelab?

12.oneof+最高级＋复数最...之一

eg.MissZhaoisoneofthemostpopularteachers.

13.findit+形容词+todo

eg.IfinditusefultolearnEnglishwell.(我发觉学好英语是很有用的)

find+宾语+名词eg.Ifindhimagoodboy.(我发现他是个好男孩.)

find+宾语+形容词eg.Ifindthedooropen/closed.(我发现门开/关着)

Ifindourbagsfilledwith/fullofpresents.(我发现我们的包装满了礼物)

14.Idon’tthink+肯定句我想...不

eg.Idon’tthinkI’lltakeit.(我想我不买它了)

请注意:中文意思否定在从句中,但是英语的表达否定在主句中。

15.preferAtoB=likeAbetterthanB更喜欢A不怎么喜欢B.

eg.Ipreferfishtochicken.=Ilikefishbetterthanchicken

1.SheusedtobeaChineseteacher.她过去是一位汉语老师。

[用法]usedto+动词原形，表示过去经常性的动作或存在的状态，含有现在不再如此之意。

[搭配]usedtodo的否定式可以是usednttodo或didntusetodo.

[比较]usedtodosth.过去常做某事；be/getusedtodoingsth.习惯于做某事；beusedtodosth.被用来做某事。

2.…returnitsoonerorlater.

……迟早要将它归还。

[用法]l)soonerorlater意为"迟早"、"早晚"。

2)return此处用作及物动词，意为"归还"，相当于giveback.

[拓展]return还可用作不及物动词，意为"返回"，相当于goback或comeback。

3.Nomatterwhattheweatherislike…无论天气……

[用法]nomatterwhat相当于whatever，其意为"无论什么"，引导状语从句。

[拓展]类似nomatterwhat的表达方式还有：

nomatterwhen无论什么时候

nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nomatterwhere无论什么地方

nomatterwho无论谁

nomatterhow无论怎么样

4.AyoungmanpractisedspeakingEnglishwithMr.Green.

一位年经人与格林先生练习讲英语。

[用法]practisedoingsth.表示"实践、练习（做）某事"。

[拓展]practice名词，"实践"、"实施"、"练习"；putaplanintopractice实行某计划。

5.Heencouragedeveryonetotakepartinprotectingourlakes,rivers,seasandoceans.

他鼓励大家参加保护我们的湖泊、河流和海洋的活动。

[用法]1)encourage用作动词，意思是"鼓励"、"支持"。

2)takepartin"参加"，常表示参加活动。

3)protect是动词，表示"防御"、"保护"。

[搭配]1)encouragesb.insth.在某事上鼓励或支持某人

nbsp;encouragesb.todosth.鼓励某人干某事

2)protectsh.fromsth.使某人不受某事侵袭或伤害

6.…towarnpeopleaboutsharksinthewater.……警告人们当心水里的鲨鱼。

[用法]warn用作动词，意思是"警告"、"警戒"。

[搭配]1)warnsb.+that从句

2)warnsb.ofsth.警告某人某事

3)warnsb.todosth.告诫某人做某事

4)warnsb.against(doing)sth.告诫某人当心某事/不要做某事

中考英语知识点：therebe句型中be用不定式

therebe句型中be用不定式，形成"（for）theretobe＋宾格词"结构，表示"有"或"存在（某种情况）"，在"（for）theretobe＋宾格词"的结构中，主语是宾格词。这种不定式结构在句中作逻辑宾语、状语和主语。

1．"theretobe＋宾格词"在句中作宾语。例如：

Thestudentsexpectedtheretobemorereviewingclassesbeforethefinalexams．

Peopledon’twanttheretobeanotherwar．

Membersliketheretobeplentyofchoice．

2．"fortheretobe＋宾格词"在句中作状语。

Itisn’tcoldenoughfortheretobeafrosttonight，soIcanleaveJim’scaroutquitesafely．

3．"theretobe＋宾格词"在句中作主语。

It’sagreatpityfortheretobemuchtroubleinthecompany．

Itisimpossiblefortheretobeanymoreapples．

Fortheretobesofewpeopleinthestreetswasunusual．

各种数目概念表示法

句型［exactly等整数限制语+数词（数字）］/［数词（数字）+exactly等整数限制语］

1.Theclothmeasurestenyardsexactly.2.Itisnowexactlytenoclock.

3.Ishallbejusteighteenyearsoldonthe15thofnextmonth.4.Ittakesmethreecleardays.

句型［about等约数限制语+数词］/［数词+orso,moreorless］

1.Abouttwentythousandpeoplesawthematchyesterday.2.Theyopenedupsome8,000muofland.

3.Therearesomedozen(of)peoplethere.4.Itisanhourjourney,moreorless.

5.ThepriceofthisnewmachineisintheneighborhoodofonethousandYuan.

6.Duringthepastyearorso,theproductionrecordofthatfactoryhasbeenraisedto200%.

7.Icantgiveyoutheexactfigure,butinroundnumberitwasfiftyorsixtyYuan.

句型［over等表示有余的限制语+数词］/［数词+andmore等表示有余的限制语］

1.Bigbattle-shipsofovertenthousandtonscanbefullybuiltinShanghai.

2.Hehaslivedabroadabovetenyears.

3.Ihaveknownhimformorethan(forupwardsof)twentyyears.

4.Nofewerthan(Notlessthan)twothousandpeoplewenttotheparkyesterday.

5.InoldChinatheworkingdaywasnotlessthansixteenhours.

6.Ourcollegestudentsarenowrequiredtolearnatleastoneforeignlanguage.

7.Therearefiftyandodd(andmore)pupilsinourclass.

8.Therearechildrenofthreeyearsoldandupwards.

句型［…under等表示不足的限制语+数词］

1.Hemaybeunder(below)thirtyyearsofage.

2.Theurgentworkwascompletedinlessthanfivehours.

3.Therentofthehouseislessthan(nomorethan)threehundredYuanamonth.

4.Ithadbeendonefornomorethantendays.

5.Thisoldmachinetoolisusedforat(thevery)mostfifteenhoursaday.

句型［amountto等表示共计的限制语+数词］/［数词+inall等表示共计的限制语］

1.Thetotalexpensesamounttoahundreddollars.2.Thevisitorstotaled2,500.

3.Theexpendituresumsupto(addsupto)$1,000.4.Wenumberedtwentyinall.

5.Thevariousitemsfootup(come)to$2,000.6.Theywerefifteen,alltold.

句型［…increase/decrease等+from数词+to数词］

1.Thenumberofdraughtanimalsinthisbrigadeincreasedfrom10to90.

2.Thenumberofparticipantsroseto300,000.

3.Thecompanyhasincreasedthecapitalstockfromamillionto20milliondollars.

4.Thepopulationinthiscityhasjumpedabove3,000,000.

5.Themembersoftheassociationhavedecrease(werereduced)to300.

6.Thepopulationinthiscountryfelltounder40,000,000.

7.ThepriceofsilkhasdroppedfromsixteentotenYuanperJin.

句型［…甲数+inclusiveof/including+乙数…］/［…甲数+exclusiveof/excluding+乙数］

1.Thewholeamountsto500Yuan,inclusiveoftheexpenses35Yuan.

2.Thedelegationconsistedof15,includingtwointerpreters.

3.Price1Yuan,postageincluded.

4.Hehas1,500Yuaninthebank,exclusiveoftheinterest.

5.Therewerefiftypeoplepresent,notcountingthechildren.

句型［…表示按比例变化的限制语+数词］

1.Thetreesareplantedatintervalsoftwentyfeet.2.Wetakearestatintervalsoftwohours.

3.Iaskyoutoteachmeeveryotherday.4.IwenttoDovereverythirdorfourthweek

5.Writeoneveryotherline,oreverythirdline?6.Wegavetwotoeveryfour.

7.ThisteaissoldforeightyYuanperJin.8.Thecarrunsattherateofsixtymilesanhour.

9.Illgiveyousomepillstobetakentwoatatime,threetimesadaybeforemeals.

年月日时表示法

句型［on+月份+序数词(日子)+基数词(年度)…］［in+基数词(年度)+on+月份+序数词(日子)…］

1.OnApril24,1970,Chinasuccessfullylauncheditsfirstman-madeearthsatellite.

2.HewasbornonMarch15,1977.

3.In1921,theleadingrevolutionariesofChinametinsecretonaboatatJiaxingonJuly1st,andtheChineseCommunistPartywasfounded.

句型［…at+钟点+inthemorning等,on+月+日…］［…at+钟点+onthemorning等of+月+日…］

1.WeheldameetingateightoclockinthemorningonthefourthofMay.

2.Hearrivedatnineintheeveningonthe3rdofthismonth.

3.WecametoTianAnMenSquareatsevenoclockonthemorningofOctober.

4.At09:40hoursonDecember15,1971,anIndianaircraftintrudedintoChinasairspaceinTibet.

5.ChairmanMaopassedawayat00:10hoursonSeptember9,1976inBeijing.

6.PremierZhouEn-laidiedofcancerat09:57hoursonJanuary8,1976,inBeijingattheageof76.

句型［…at+基数词(minutes)+past/to+基数词(oclock)…］

1.Themeetingwillbeopenedatfivepastseven.2.Hecamehereataquartertoeight.

年龄表示法

句型［主语+be+数词（限制语）+yearsold/yearsofage］

1."Howoldishe?"-"heisjustfifty(yearsold)."(=Heisagedjustfifty/Hisageisjustfifty.)

2."Whatishisage?"-"Heistowardsfiftyyearsofage."

3."Ofwhatageisyourson?"-"(Myson)elevenandahalfyearsold."

4."GuesshowoldMaryis."-"Sheisaboutbetweeneighteenandtwentyyearsofage."

5.Thelittleonewasfivemonthsold.6."Howoldisthemoon?"-"Sheisfifteendaysold."

7."Howoldisthetree?"-"Thistreeiscenturiesold."

6."Howoldisthehorse?"-"Thehorseisoverfouryearsold

句型［…attheageof+数词］/［…at+数字+(yearsofage)］

1.AttheageofsixteenDarwinwenttoEdinburghtostudymedicineandthreeyearslatertoCambridge.2.Hediedattheripeageofeighty.

3.Shebecameplumpatforty.4.Hegraduatedattwentyyearsofage.

4.Childrenenterschoolattheageoffive,dontthey?

句型［…of+数词+yearsold(或ofage)］［…aged+数字+years］［…数字+yearsofage］

［…inones+数词复数］

1.Heisaboyofelevenyearsold.2.Myelderbrotherisamanagedfiftyyearsold.

3.Theyareallchildrenunderfiveyearsofage.

4.Childrenunder10yearofageareadmittedathalfprice.

5.Heisayoung,gallantofficerinhistwenties.

6.Thegrannyspeaksasifshewereagirlinherteens.

倍数表示法

句型［主语+谓语（double/treble）+宾语（增加对象）］

1.Thiscountryhasdoubledherannualoutputofsteelduringthepost-waryears.

2.InHengdongCounty,itsper-mugrainyieldsurpassed800in1970,doublingthatbefore1965.

3.Theenemysforcetreblesourown,butwehavewipedouttheenemy.

4.Ouropponentsscoreddoubleourpoints.

[注]double和treble也可以作不及物动词用，如：Thegrainsinourcommunehavetrebledthisyear.

Wagesofworkershadmorethandoubled.

句型［主语+be+倍数+thatof+被比对象］/［主语+be+倍数+as…as+被比对象］

1.Inourareanowthegrainoutputisfourtimesthatbeforeliberation.

2.InthisworkshoptheoutputofJulywas3.5timesthatofJanuary.

3.Theper-muyieldofourvillagethisyearwillcount2,400jin,whichisfourtimesthatof1998.

4.Bythattimeweshallproducethreetimesasmuchgrainaswedidtenyearsago.

5.Thisboxisthreetimesasheavyasthat.6.Beijingistentimesasbigasmyhometown.

7.Thegrossvalueofindustrialoutputofourareathisyearwillbeestimatedtobe2.5timesthatoflastyear.

句型［主语+be+倍数/百分数+upon/over/+被比对象］

［主语+be+倍数/百分数+比较级+than+被比对象］

1.Theindustrialoutputoflastyearinourvillagewas250%uponthatof1986.

2.Thegrainoutputinthatvillagewastwotimesoverthatof1988

3.Thesunisahugeblazingball,amilliontimeslargerthantheearth.

4.Thistypeofmachineusesthreetimesmorefueloilthanthattypedoes.

5.Agoodharvestofearlyricewasreapedon400,000mu,theoutputbeing25percenthigherthanlastyears.6.Agriculturaloutputfor1974isestimatedtobe51%upon1964.

句型［主语+increase/rise/attain+(to)倍数+comparedwith+被比对象］

1.Bycomparisonwith1948,theforeigntradeturnoverofthatcountryin1957increased3.5times.

2.Thenumberofpupilsinthiscityhasincreased6timesincomparisonwith1990.

3.Withtheresultofautomationproductivityhasincreased(risento)sixty-sixfoldinthatfactory.

4.Nowtheindustryofthiscountryhasattainedoversixtimesofthepre-waroutput.

5.Lastyear,theproductionofdifferentkindsoffarmtoolsinourfactoryincreases(to)ninetimes,comparedwith1999.

句型［主语+increase/rise等+(by)百分数+comparedwith…］

1.TheoutputofJulyinourfactoryincreased(by)250%comparedwiththatofJanuary.

2.Manycountrieshaveincreasedtheirfarmoutputby100percentormorewithinashortspaceoftime.

3.Overthepast17years,Daqinghasincreaseditsannualoutputofcrudeoilbyanaverageof28percent.

4.In2007crudeoilproductionrose150%comparedwith2005,fulfillingthecompanyplantwomonthsaheadofschedule.

[注1]by表示增加的净数，也可用于倍数，如：Itexceededourestimateby3times.

Theenemysforcesweremorethanoursby4times.

[注2]注意下面成语所含倍数的意义，加again表示增加一倍，如：

Hehasbooksasmuch(many)asshe.Hehasbookshalfasmuchagainasshe.

分数减少表示法

句型［主语+reduce等+宾语+(by)分数或百分数…］

1.Theinventionofmanynewtoolsinourfactoryhasreducedthecostofproduction(by)onethird,whiletheoutputhasgoneup(to)160percent.

2.Thepriceoffarmtoolsinourfactoryhasreduced(或decreased)towfifths.

3.Ithasreducedtheamountbyonehalf.

句型［主语+reduce等+(from)…to+分数或百分数］

1.Atthattimeindustrialoutputinthatcountryhadsunk(或hadfallen等)twothirds.

2.Agriculturaltaxhasreducedfrom12%intheearlypost-liberationyearstofive%.

3.Bytheendof2006,theshareoftheprivatedealersinthiscityhadfallento5%.

计量表示法

句型［主语+measure+数词+单位+long等形容词/inlength等］

［主语+be+数词+单位+long等形容词/inlength等］［主语+attain+alength等+数词+单位］

1.Thetreeisaboutsixtyfeethigh(或inheight).(=Thetreeattainsaheightofaboutsixtyfeet.)

2.Shewastall,nearsixfeetinheight,butslenderlyformed.

3.Thebirdisaboutsixincheslongandweighsthreequartersofanounce.

4.Ifoundmyselfaloneinavastroom,betweentwoandthreehundredfeetwideandabouttwohundredhigh,lyinginbedtwentyyardswide.

5."Howwideistheriver?"-"Itsabovetenmeterswide(或inwidth)."

6.Lastyearthesnowattainedathickness(或felladepth)ofthreefeethere.

7.Heis150poundsinweight(=Heattainsaweightof150pounds).

8.Thepolicesearchedallthefieldsandwoodswithinaradiusoftwomiles.

句型［主语+measure/be+（长度）数词+单位+by+(宽度)数词+（单位）］

1.Thisroommeasurestwentyfeetbyfifteen.(=theroomistwentyfeetinlengthandfifteenfeetinbreadth.)2.Thebedissixfeetbyfourandahalffeet.

3."Whatsizeisthattable?""Itmeasuresthreefeetbythree."

句型［主语+cost/beworth+数词+单位］［主语+bevalued/berated+at+数词+单位］

1."Howmuchisit?"-"Itcostsabovetendollars"(=thepriceofitisabovetendollars.)

2.ThispencostsmefiveYuan.

3.Itsworth12shillings,butthisisnotworthmorethantenshillings.

4.Hevaluedthehouseformeat350,000Yuan.

5.Thiscoatcosts20dollars,butIdontthinkitisratedatten.

加减乘除表示法

句型［甲数+plus/and/addedto+乙数+is/are/willbe/equals/isequalto/makes/gets+和数］

1.Howmuchis(或makes)twoplusfour?Howmanyaretwoandfour?

Whataretwoandfour?回答：Thetotal(sum)issix.

2.Twoplusfourequalssix.Twoandfouris(are)six.Twoplusfourisequaltosix.

Twoaddedtofourequalssix.Twoandfourmakes(make)six.Towplusfourwillbesix.

Ifweaddtwotofour,wegetsix.

句型［甲数+minus/lessaddedto+乙数+is/equals(或isequalto)+差数］

［乙数+taken/subtracted+from+甲数+leaves+差数］

1.Howmuchiseightminus(less)three?Whatisthreefromeight?回答：Thedifferenceisfive.

2.Eightminus(less)threeequalsfive.Eightminusthreeis(are/isequalto)five.

Threetakenfromeightleavesfive.Three(subtracted)fromeightandtheremainderisfive.(fiveremains).Subtractthreefromeightandtheremainderwillbefive.

句型［甲数+multipliedby+乙数+is/equals(或isequalto)等+积数］

［Multiply+甲数+by+乙数+is/equals(或isequalto)等+积数］

［once,twice,threetimes…+乙数+is/equals(或isequalto)等+积数］

1.Howmanyarethreemultipliedbyfour?Whatisthreemultipliedbyfour?

Howmuchgivesthreetimesfour?Whatisthreetimesfour？回答：Theresultistwelve.

2.Threemultipliedbyfourequalstwelve.Multiplythreebyfourgivestwelve.

Multiplythreebyfour,wegettwelve.Threetimesfouristwelve

[注]1x1=1Onceoneisone.2x1=2(Twiceoneistwo.)

(a+b)(a-b)=a2-b2Aplusbmultipliedbyaminusbisequaltoasquaredminusbsquared.

150x2/5=60Onehundredandfiftymultipliedbytwofifthsequalssixty.

Onehundredandfiftytimestwofifthsaresixty.

句型［甲数+dividedby+乙数+gives等+商数］/［Divide+甲数+by+乙数+gives等+商数］

［乙数+into+甲数+goes+商数］

1.8÷2=?Howmanyiseightdividedbytwo?Howmanytimesdoestwogointoeight?

回答：Thequotientisfour(times).

2.8÷2=4Eightdividedbytwomakesfour.Divideeightbytwoequalsfour.

Dividetwointoeightandyougetfour.Twointoeightgoesfourtimes.

[注1]9÷2=4余1Twointoninegoesfourtimes,and1remainder.Ninedividedbytwogivesfour,and1remainder.

9÷2=4又1/2Divideninebytwoandyougetfourandahalf.Dividetwointonineandyougetfourandahalf.

[注2]加减乘除综合式(3+8-2)÷3x5=15Threepluseightminustwo,alldividedbythreemultipliedbyfiveequalfifteen.

名量词与不定量数目

句型［…数词+名量词+of+实物名词…］

常用量名词有：1.aglassofwine2.abottleofoil3.abowlofrice4.ajugoftea5.acakeofsoap6.alumpofsugar7.asheetofpaper8.aloafofbread9.apairofscissors10.apartyoftravelers11.abunchofflowers12.asetofbooks13.asuitofclothes14.adropofblood15.agrainofsand16.amouthfuloffood17.ahandfulofseed18.arayofhope19.acrowdofchildren20.aflockofsheep等。

1.Addthreespoonfulsofwater,please.2.Iwanttwopoundsofbutter.

3.MayIofferyouaglassofwine?4.Pleasegivemetwosheetsofpaper.

5.Iboughtanewpairofscissorsyesterday.6.Hetookthreebottlesofbrandy.

句型［主语+谓语+（宾语）+状语（ata+名量词）］

常见ata+名量词的词组有：1.atatime2.atablow3.atadraught=atadraft4.atamouthful5.atastretch6.atabound7.ataglance8.atasitting9.atastroke等。

1.Ikilledtwofliesatablow.2.Thedoctorsawataglancethatthechildhadmeasles.

3.Thejobwasfinishedatasitting(astretch).4.Heleapedoverthefenceatabound.

5.Thestudentswalkedtwentymilesatastretch.

6.TheYoungShockBrigadeworkedtwoshiftsatastretch.

句型［…one等基数词+of+范围词］/［…不定量词+of+范围词］［…定量词+of+范围词］

常见词组有：1.oneof…2.manyofus(them…)3.someofthem4.everyoneofus5.fewofus6.bothofthesisters7.anyofthese8.mostofthem9.allofus10.asmallnumberof…11.agreatnumberof…12.anumberof…13.agreatdealof14.alotofpeople15.plentyofpeople16.hundredsof…17.thousandsofpeople18.acoupleof…

1.LeiFengisoneofourcountrysgreatandgloriousfighters.

2.Hesetanexampletoallofus.3.EveryoneofushasgreatfaithintheloftycauseofCommunism.

4.Wemeetwithagreatdealofdifficulties,butfinallyweovercomeallofthem.

5.Halfofthesemesterhaspassed,andwearereadytomeetacheckinteachingandlearning.

6.Ireceivedacoupleoflettersthismorning.7.Agreat(large)numberofpeoplebelieveit.

1．Ithink…意为"我认为……"，是对某人或某事的看法或态度的一种句型。其否定式常用Idontthink…，

2．givesth.tosb./givesb.sth.意为"把……给……"，动词give之后可接双宾语，可用这两种句型；若指物的宾语是人称代词时，则只能用giveit/themtosb.

3．takesb./sth.to…意为"把……(送)带到……"，后常接地点，也可接人。

4．One…,theother…/Oneis…andoneis…意为"一个是……；另一个是……"，必须是两者中。

5．Letsb.dosth.意为"让某人做某事"，人后应用不带to的动词不定式，其否定式为Dontletsb，dosth.，或Letsb.notdosth.另外，Lets与Letus的含义不完全相同，前者包括听者在内，后者不包括听者在内，

6．helpsb.(to)dosth./helpsb.withsth.意为"帮助某人做某事"，前者用不定式作宾补，后者用介词短语作宾补，二者可以互换.

7．Whatabout…？/Howabout…？意为"……怎么样？"是用来询问或征求对方的观点、意见、看法等。about为介词，其后须接名词、代词或V-ing等形式。

8．Itstimetodo…/Itstimeforsth.意为"该做……的时间了"，其中to后须接原形动词，for后可接名词或V-ing形式。

9．liketodosth./likedoingsth.意为"喜欢做某事"，前一种句型侧重具体的一次性的动作；后一种句型侧重习惯性的动作，

10．asksb.(not)todosth.意为"让某人(不要)做某事"，其中asksb.后应接动词不定式，

11．showsb.sth./showsth.todo.意为"把某物给某人看"，该句型的用法同前面第2点。

12．introducesb.tosb.意为"把某人介绍给另一人"；introducetosb.则是"向某人作介绍"。

延续否定句

句型11［（前句）否定句，+（后句）否定句］

1."Oh,no,no,noandagainno,"saidPinocchio."Imustbeagoodboy."

2."AmItroublingyou?"-"no,notintheleast."

3.Ishallneverdoit,notunderanycircumstances.

4.Wemustnotthinkofhimasabig,strongboy.Farfromit!

5.Idontknowhowmuchyouvegot,andIdaresayyouhardlyknowyourself,asitwouldtakeaprettylongtimetocountit.

句型12［(前句)主语+否定式谓语…，(后句）not+(同前)主语］

1.Illnotdosuchathing,notI.2.Hewillnotbreakhisword,nothe.

3.Theywillnotbediscouraged,notthey.4.TomcannotspeakRussian,nothe.

句型13［(前句)否定句，+(后句）not/neither］

1.Friedadidntgotothedance,neitherdidFanny.2.Youcantdoit,norcananybodyelse.

3.Youdidnotseehim,neitherdidI.4.Areyounotgoing?NeitheramI.

5.Oliverdidnotcomethatday,northenextday;northenextafterthat,norformany,manydaysafter.

6.Iknownotwhat,norwhere,neitherwhatlatitude,whatcountry,whatnation,orwhatriver.Ineithersaw,nordesiredtoseeanypeople;theprincipalthingIwantedwasfreshwater.

[注1]有时根据意义上的需要，下列句子是允许的。

Ithoughtofhim(=Ididntforgethim),nordidIforgetyou.

[注2]前句用little,hardly等半否定词，后句同样可跟延续否定句。

Theworldwilllittlenote,norlongrememberwhatwesayhere,butitcanneverforgetwhattheydidhere.

句型14［（前句）否定句，+（后句）no/not/nor…either…(or)…］

1.Wearenotinthewrong,nor(is)Johneither.2.Icannotsing,Icannotdance,either.

3.Maryhasnobrothers,nocousins,either.4.Idontknowit.Youdontknoweither?

5.Chinawillnotbeasuperpower,noteithertodayoreverinthefuture.

[注]英语中"也"的概念在肯定句中通常用too,also或…andaswell

句型15［主语+否定式谓语…，+增强语气词(much,still,even,far,alot,agreatdeal等)+less+名词词组或从句］表示"…,更不用说…"。

1.Icouldnotassentto,muchlessparticipateinsuchproceedings.

2.…hedarednotopenlychargeherwiththeattempt,muchlesspunishherforit.

3.Hedoesntlikemusic,stilllessdancing.

4.Ididnotevenseehim,stilllessshakehandswithhim.

5.Ihavenomind(idea)tolendthisbooktoanyone,muchlesstopartwithit.(割爱)

[注](much,still,even,far,alot,agreatdeal等)+more也用于追补某些未说完的内容，但muchmore只用于肯定句，不能引导延续否定句。如:Ilikemusic,muchmoredancing.HespeaksFrench,muchmoreEnglish.

Everyonehasarighttoenjoyhisliberty,muchmorehislife.

句型16［主语+否定式谓语…;+tosaynothingof/nottospeakof/nottomention+名词词组］

［主语+否定式谓语…;letalone+名词词组或从句］

1.HedoesnotknowEnglish,tosaynothingofGermanorFrench.

2.Inoldchinatherewashardlyanymachine-buildingindustry,tosaynothingofanaviationindustry.

3.Atthattimetheycouldnotaffordtheordinarycomfortsoflife,nottospeakofluxuries.

4.Idontknowalgebraorgeometry,nottomentioncalculus.

5.Ineverthoughtofit,letalone(或muchless,stillless)didIdoit.

[注1]"nottosay"与"tosaynothingof",意思相差很远。"nottosay"是"不到"的意思，如：Itiswarm,nottosayhot.

[注2]apartfrom;independentlyof(姑且不说…)如：Quiteapartfrom(orindependentlyof)sayingagooddealofmoneyindrawingillustrationsmyself,Iderivedmuchpleasurefromit.

半否定句

句型17［主语+带hardly等半否定词的谓语+（其他）］

1.Itscarcelymatters.2.IhavehardlyeverbeenoutofLondon…

3.ThedowntownsectionofNewYorkhashardly(almostnot)atreeorasinglebladeofgrassanywherealongthenarrowdustystreets.

4.Hewouldhardlyrecognizehishometownifhesawitnow.

5.Weseldomhearsuchfinesingingfromschool.6.Littleremainstobesaid.

句型18［半否定词+or/if+否定代词或否定副词+…］

1.Few,however,ifany,besidestheKinghimselfbelievedthatHermionewasguilty.

2.Isawlittleornothingofhimafteryouweregone.

3.Sheseldomornever(ifever)madeamistake.4.Mr.Morrisseldomorneverwentout.

5.Peterreadlittleornothing(littleifanything)insummervacation.

英语中的五种基本句型结构

一、句型1：Subject(主语)＋Verb(谓语)

这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，所谓不及物动词，就是这种动词后不可以直接接宾语。常见的动词如：work,sing,swim,fish,jump,arrive,come,die,disappear,cry,happen等。如：

1)LiMingworksveryhard.李明学习很努力。

2)Theaccidenthappenedyesterdayafternoon.事故是昨天下午发生的。

3）Springiscoming.

4)Wehavelivedinthecityfortenyears.

二、句型2：Subject(主语)＋Link.V(系动词)＋Predicate(表语)

这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等。其系动词一般可分为下列两类：

(1)表示状态。这样的词有：be,look,seem,smell,taste,sound,keep等。如：

1)Thiskindoffoodtastesdelicious.这种食物吃起来很可口。

2)Helookedworriedjustnow.刚才他看上去有些焦急。

(2)表示变化。这类系动词有：become,turn,get,grow,go等。如：

1)Springcomes.Itisgettingwarmerandwarmer.春天到了，天气变得越来越暖和。

2)Thetreehasgrownmuchtallerthanbefore.这棵树比以前长得高多了。

三、句型3：Subject(主语)＋Verb(谓语)＋Object(宾语)

这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词,所谓及物动词，就是这种动词后可以直接接宾语，其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。例：

1)Hetookhisbagandleft.（名词）他拿着书包离开了。

2)LiLeialwayshelpsmewhenIhavedifficulties.(代词)当我遇到困难时，李雷总能给我帮助。

3)SheplanstotravelinthecomingMayDay.（不定式）她打算在即将到来的“五一”外出旅游。

4)Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddonext.(从句)我不知道下一步该干什么。

注意：英语中的许多动词既是及物动词，又是不及物动词。

四、句型4：Subject(主语)＋Verb(谓语)＋Indirectobject(间接宾语)＋Directobject(直接宾语)

这种句型中，直接宾语为主要宾语，表示动作是对谁做的或为谁做的，在句中不可或缺，常常由表示“物”的名词来充当；间接宾语也被称之为第二宾语，去掉之后，对整个句子的影响不大，多由指“人”的名词或代词承担。引导这类双宾语的常见动词有：buy,pass,lend,give,tell,teach,show,bring,send等。如：

1)Herfatherboughtheradictionaryasabirthdaypresent.她爸爸给她买了一本词典作为生日礼物。

2）TheoldmanalwaystellsthechildrenstoriesabouttheheroesintheLongMarch.

老人经常给孩子们讲述长征途中那些英雄的故事。上述句子还可以表达为：

1）Herfatherboughtadictionaryforherasabirthdaypresent.

2）TheoldmanalwaystellsstoriesabouttheheroestothechildrenintheLongMarch.

五、句型5：Subject(主语)＋Verb(动词)＋Object(宾语)＋Complement(补语)

这种句型中的“宾语＋补语”统称为“复合宾语”。宾语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、说明宾语的特点、身份等；或者表示让宾语去完成的动作等。担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。如：

1）Youshouldkeeptheroomcleanandtidy.你应该让屋子保持干净整洁。（形容词）

2)Wemadehimourmonitor.(名词)我们选他当班长。

3)Hisfathertoldhimnottoplayinthestreet.(不定式)他父亲告诉他不要在街上玩。

4）Myfatherlikestowatchtheboysplayingbasketball.(现在分词)

5)YesterdayIhadapicturetakenwithtwoAmericans.(过去分词)

●常见的动词有:tell,ask,advise,help,want,wouldlike,order,force,allow等。

●注意：动词have,make,let,see,hear,notice,feel,watch等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时，不带to。如：

1)Thebossmadehimdotheworkallday.老板让他整天做那项工作。

2)Iheardhersinginthenextroomallthetimelastnight.昨天晚上我听见她在隔壁唱了一个晚上。

动词与介词、副词等构成的固定短语，叫短语动词。主要有四类：

一、动词+副词

有的一般不跟宾语，如goahead,fallbehind,getup,liedown,goup,runout,givein,stayup等；有的可以跟宾语，如putout,carryout,giveup,wakeup,checkin,eatup,fillin,findout,fixup,handin,mixup,lookup,makeout,turndown,workout等。

注意：宾语是名词时，放在副词前面或后面都可以，但若作宾语的是人称代词时，就只能放在动词和副词之间了。如：

We’vedecidedtoputthemeetingoff(=putoffthemeeting).我们决定把会议推迟。

We’vedecidedtoputitoff.我们决定将它推迟。(不说putoffit)

二、动词+介词

如askfor,carefor,callfor,breakinto,dealwith,callon,lookfor等。后面必须接宾语。如：

Idon’tcarefortea.我不喜欢喝茶。

三、动词+副词+介词

如lookforwardto,putupwith,lookedupto,goinfor,goalongwith,datebackto,lookdownon,keepupwith,addupto,runoutof等。如：

Shesooncaughtupwithus.她很快赶上了我们。

四、动词+名词+介词

如takecareof,payattentionto,makeuseof,makecontributionto做出贡献等。如：

TakecareofyourbrotherwhileIamaway.我不在的时候，你要照顾好你弟弟。

1.as…as…常构成一些词组：assoonas…(一旦…就…),aswellas…(同样),as+形容词/副词+aspossible(尽可能……地)。如：PleaseringmeupassoonasyougettoBeijing.(请你一到北京就给我写信。)/MissGaohurriedtotheschoolgateasquicklyaspossible.(高小姐尽快地赶到了校门口。)

[注释]"aslong/muchas+名词"可以表示"长达/多达…"的含义。如：Thehousecostsasmuchasfivehundredthousandyuan.(那幢房子花费高达50万元。)/Theystayedinthecave(山洞)aslongastwoweeks.(他们呆在山洞里长达两周。)

2.later、after、ago、before的用法：①"一段时间+later/ago"分别表示"(多久)以后/以前",主要用于过去时态。②"after/before+某个时刻"分别表示"在某时刻之后/之前",此时两个词是介词。③ago与before：ago只能用于过去时,before用于完成时。如：Hehadanaccidentaweekago.(一周前出了一个事故)/Someyearslater,theboybecameaveryfamoussinger.(数年后这个男孩成了著名的歌唱家)/Haveyoubeentherebefore?(你从前到过那儿吗？)/Afterafewyearshegaveupsmoking.(过了几年他戒了烟。)

3.above、below、over、under的用法：在上下方用above和below,在高低处用over和under.如：Thestarsarehighaboveinthesky.(星星高挂在空中)/Aplaneflewoverquickly.(一架飞机从头顶飞过。)

当above、below、over、under是介词性质时,意义相似。

4.too、also、either、nor的用法：too("也")用于肯定句和疑问句的末尾,且用逗号隔开；also("也")用于肯定句句子谓语动词之前；either("也")用于否定句末尾,也用逗号隔开；nor("也不")用于倒装句句首；如：AreyouAmerican,too?(你也是美国人吗？)/HeisnothappyandIamnothappy,either.(他不愉快,我也不。)/Hedidntwatchthefootballgame.NordidI.(他没有看足球赛,我也没有。)/Youcanalsofindthemarketisverygood.(你还可以发觉那个市场很好。)

5.enough、too、so、very、quite、verymuch的用法：enough("足够,十分")放在形容词或副词之后；too("太")、very("非常")、quite("相当")、so("如此地")等放在形容词或副词之前,verymuch("非常")放在动词之后。如：Itstoo/so/very/quiteexpensive.(它太贵/那么贵/非常贵/相当贵。)/Idontlikesweetsverymuch.(我不很喜欢糖果)

[注意]very与much的区别：very修饰形容词、副词的原级和现在分词形容词,much修饰形容词和副词的比较级；much还可以修饰疑问句和否定句中的动词,very不可以。如：Heisverystupid.(他很笨)/Thefilmwasverymovingandeveryoneswept.(电影非常动人,大家都哭了)/Youmustworkmuchharderoryouwillfailtoenterthegoodschool.(你得学习更努力,不然你考不进那所好学校)/Idontlikehimmuch.(我不太喜欢他)

6.sometimes、sometime、sometimes、sometime的用法：sometimes(有时)用于一般现在时、sometime(在将来某时)用于将来时、sometimes(数次)表示次数、sometime(一些时间)表示一段时间。如：Sometimestheygohikinginthemountains.(他们有时徒步旅行到山里去)/Iwillstayheresometime.(我会在这儿呆些时候的。)/Iwillmeetyourfathersometime.(我什么时候要见见你的父亲。)

7.how、what用于感叹句的用法：对句子中的形容词或副词感叹时用how,对人或事物(可能含有形容词作修饰语)进行感叹用what.如：Whatafineday(itis)today!(今天天气真好！)/Howdifficult(theproblemis)!((问题)真难呀！)

8.already、yet的用法：在完成时中,already一般用于肯定句,yet一般用于否定句和疑问句。如：Haveyoudoneitalready?(你已经做好了？)/Ihavenothadmybreakfastyet.(我还没有吃早饭呢。)

9.hard与hardly的用法：hard作为副词意思是："努力地,猛烈地",hardly是否定词,意思是："几乎不",一般与情态动词can/could连用。如：TheystudyEnglishveryhard.(他们英语学得很刻苦)/Youcanhardlyseeapersonspitinapublicplace.(在公共场所你几乎看不到一个人随地吐痰)

10.like...verymuch、like...better(=prefer)、like...best的用法：三个短语分别表示"非常喜欢"、"更喜欢"、"最喜欢"。如：Ilikebaseballverymuch.(我非常喜欢棒球)/Doyoulikebutterbetterthancheese?(/Theylikehamburgersbest.

11."quite/what+a+形容词+名词"的用法：记住：①quite/such/what...+a+形容词+名词;②too/so/how+形容词+a+名词;③rather+a+形容词+名词=a+rather+形容词+名词。如：Ihaveneverseensuchastrangeguy(家伙).(我从未见过这样奇怪的家伙)/Itisquiteanicedayforawalk.(这真是散步的好日子)

12.how的几个短语：howoften"多常,每隔多久",用于一般时态,对表示频度的词语进行提问；howsoon"多久以后",用于将来时态；howlong"多久",用于过去时、完成时或其他时态；howmanytimes"多少次",用于过去时或完成时,对总计次数进行提问；howmuch"多么,多少",对程度进行提问,也可以对数量(不可数)或金钱进行提问。如：Howlonghaveyoubeenlikethis?(你这样已经多久了？)/Howoftendoeshewashhisface?(他每隔多久洗一次脸？)

13.much、more与most的用法：这三个词除了是形容词作名词的修饰语之外,还是程度副词,much表示"很",修饰原级形/副,more表示"更"用来构成多音节形/副的比较级,most表示"最"用来构成多音节形/副的最高级。此外,much也可以修饰比较级形/副。如：Thisparkismuchmorebeautifulthanthatone.(这个公园比那个漂亮多了)/ItisthemostinstructivefilmIhaveeverseen.(这是我看过的最有教育意义的电影)

14.nomore、nolonger、not...anymore、no...anylonger的用法：表示时间,可以用nolonger、not...nymore、no...anylonger,而且nolonger只能放在谓语动词之前；表示程度,可以用nomore、not...anymore.如：Henolongerlivedthere.(他不再住在那里)/Tomwantednomorecakes.(他不想再要蛋糕)/Hedidntsmokeanymore/longer.(他不再抽烟)

15.被动语态中,方式副词一般放在be与谓语动词之间。如：Therunnerwasbadlyhurt.(赛跑运动员受了重伤)/Englishiswidelyspokenintheworldtoday.(如今世界上英语说得很广泛)

16.too...to...与so...that...的问题：副词too/so后面跟形容词或副词,to后面跟动词,that后面跟从句。Too...to...("太.……以致不……")是否定的结构,用于简单句；so...that...("如此…以致…")是肯定结构,用于复合句。如：Thechildistooyoungtojointhearmy.(这孩子年龄太小还不能参军)/Heissostrongthathecanlifttheheavybox.(他这么强壮,搬得动那个重箱子。)

17.既是形容词也是副词的单词有：early,late,long,last,next,first,near,enough,much,all,hard,alone,fast,slow,high,low,straight等等。如：Itwasalongholiday.(那是个长假)/Hestayedthereverylong.(他在那儿呆了好久)/Thinkhardthenyouwillfindaway.(好好想你就会找到办法)/Heisaveryhard(难对付的)person.(他是个难玩的家伙)

18.farther与further的用法区别：表示地点、方向或距离时两个词同义,意思为"更远、较远",但是further还表示"更多、进一步、额外"等意思,此时不能换为farther.如：Theydecidedtogofarther/furtherthenextday.(他们决定第二天走得再远些)/Thisproblemwillbefurtherdiscussed.(这个问题还要进一步讨论)/Everyoneofthemhadtheirfurtherstudiesaftertheyleftcollege.(他们每个人大学毕业后继续进修)

19.rather与quite的用法区别：同very一样,两个词都表示形容词或副词的程度,quite表示"不到最高程度但是比预料的好",rather比quite更接近very的含义,含有令人惊讶的意思。见下图对"nice"程度的描绘：

notnice(fairly)nicequiteniceratherniceverynice

如：Itsquiteanicefilm.(这是部好片子)。(可能意味着不是一部最好的电影)/Itsratheranicefilm.(这是部很不错的电影。)(意味着比大多数电影都好)

[注意]注意quite与rather后面的次序词序。

20.maybe、possibly、perhaps的区别：maybe"可能、也许",比另外两个词更不正式、更随便、可能性不大；possibly"可能地、或者、也许",可能性较大,在否定句和疑问句中表示"无论如何"；perhaps"可能",较为常用而且正式,可能性也不大。如：Youcouldputitoverthere,maybe.(也许你可以把它放在那边)/Icouldntpossiblyhavefinishedsuchalongbookinsuchashorttime.(我不可能在这么短的时间内完成这么长的一本书)/Ithoughtperhapsitwastheletteryouhavebeenexpecting.(我以为那也许就是你期盼的信件)

21.most、mostly的区别：most作为形容词和名词时意思是"大多数的、大部分的",作为副词时意思为"最,十分、很"；mostly仅为副词,意思为"主要地、多半地、大部分地"。如：IwasathomemostofthetimewhenIwasfree.(我有空时大部分时间都在家)Mostchildrenarenaughty.(大部分的孩子都淘气)/Thisisthemostexcitingpartofthefilm.(这是电影中最令人兴奋的部分)/SheismostlyoutonSundays.(星期天她一般不在家)

22.(be)worth、(be)worthyof的区别：worth一般被看作是介词,后面接名词或者动名词,用主动表示被动含义,还可以用副词well修饰；worthyof表示"值得的、配得上的",后面跟动名词的被动形式。如：Whatisworthdoingatallisworthdoingwell(凡是值得做的,就值得好好去做)./Thehouseisworth￥300,000.(房子价值30万元)/Thisbookiswellworthreadingseveraltimes.(这本书值得好好读几遍)/Itisathingworthyofbeingseen.(这是一个值得看的东西)

23.almost、nearly的区别：两个词意思相近,都表示"几乎、将近",大多数情况下可以互换,与否定词连用时用almost不用nearly.almostno相当于hardlyany(几乎没有)。如：Hehaddonealmostnothingtoday.(他今天几乎没有干什么)/Wearealmost/nearlythere.(我们几乎就到那里了)/Almostnobody/Hardlyanybodyunderstoodhiswords.(几乎没有人懂他的话)

24.abit与alittle的区别：这两个名词短语经常当作副词使用,修饰形容词或副词的原级或比较级,可以互换,语气比rather弱。如：Thisdigitalcameraisabit(alittle)expensive.(这台数码相机有点贵)/Itisalittle(abit)colderthanyesterday.(今天比昨天冷了点)

另外,alittle可以直接加不可数名词,abit则采用"abit+of+名词(不可数或可数名词复数)"的形式。如：Ihavegotabitofacold.(我有点感冒)/Goandgetalittlewaterforme,please.(请你去给我搞点水来)

[注意]notabit(=notatall)意为"根本不",而notalittle则意为"非常,不是一点"。